News
7 August 2006
Sun exposure and health
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report which addresses the health risks associated with solar ultraviolet exposure [1]. The report provides specific data on the global disease burden association with excessive UV radiation exposure and includes interventions to prevent adverse effects. Skin cancer and malignant melanoma are among the most severe health effects, but a series of other adverse effects have also been identified, including photo-ageing, eye disease, and reactivation of herpes virus infections of the lip.
Through its INTERSUN programme, WHO provides practical advice on the harmful effects of sun exposure and promotes simple measures to ensue that sun is enjoyed safely [2]. These measures are:
- Protect children
- Limit time in the midday sun
- Use shade wisely
- Wear protective clothing
- Use sunscreen
- Know the UV index
Sun protection
The application of sunscreen is the most popular method of sun protection. Sunscreens are rated by a sun protection factor (SPF) that is a guide to the level of UVB protection a product provides. UVB rays are responsible for burning. However, sunscreens are less effective at filtering UVA rays which are associated with long-term skin damage including ageing.
The use of sunscreen may provide a false sense of security and encourage longer sun exposure therefore increasing the risk of ageing and possibly melanoma.
Advice for travellers
Although for many travellers a suntan is the goal of a summer holiday, travellers should be aware that a sun tan is the visible effect of damage to the skin. The use of at least a SPF 15 sun screen is important, but exposure to the sun should also be limited, particularly when the sun is at its strongest.
Children are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of sunlight. Babies should never be exposed to direct sunlight and infants should always have a high SPF applied.
If sun exposure cannot be avoided as much skin as possible should be covered with sun-protective clothing, including a wide-brimmed hat to protect the head and face.
References
1. World Health Organization. Solar ultraviolet radiation. Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation. Available at: http://www.who.int/uv/health/solaruvradfull_180706.pdf
2. World Health Organization INTERSUN project. Sunshine and health - how to enjoy the sun safely. Available at: http://www.who.int/uv/publications/solaruvflyer2006.pdf
Links
World Health Organization ultraviolet radiation and the INTERSUN programme
NaTHNaC sun protection information sheet
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