16 August 2005

Leptospirosis in Mumbai, India

Media reports have suggested that there have been an increased number of cases of leptospirosis reported from the Indian city of Mumbai.

As a result of last month’s monsoon rains, Maharashtra state in India has suffered from extensive flood damage and Mumbai has been badly affected by flooding and landslides. Although this outbreak has not been officially confirmed, leptospirosis often occurs following heavy rains and flooding as Leptospira that may contaminate soil or other ground surfaces is washed into flooded areas. Rats are an important reservoir for Leptospira and excrete the organisms in their urine.

The majority of leptospirosis infections are either sub-clinical or mild and self-limiting. However, approximately 10% of infected persons will develop a severe, potentially fatal illness.

As well as leptospirosis, many other diseases are associated with flooding including gastrointestinal illness and arthropod borne infections. Travellers are advised to avoid exposure to fresh water that may be contaminated. They should also observe food and water hygiene precautions and insect bite avoidance measures to reduce the risk of travellers’ diarrhoea, dengue and malaria.

Travellers to India are reminded of the importance of seeking pre-travel health advice and taking appropriate vaccinations and malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Further reading

NaTHNaC leptospirosis information sheet

http://www.NaTHNaC.org/pro/factsheets/

leptospirosis.htm