Clinical Updates
17 March 2008
Avian influenza in birds - update
It is the policy of NaTHNaC to post reports of avian influenza A/H5N1 outbreaks in animals once they have been officially reported to the Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).
The World Health Organization (WHO) has posted maps of the current epidemiology of avian influenza based on information from OIE and national governments. Maps delineating avian outbreaks by time period and geographic region can be viewed at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/.
WHO have also published a timeline of major events of H5N1 avian influenza that outlines both human and animal occurrences of avian influenza [1].
Africa
Between October 2007 and February 2008, outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in birds were reported from Adjara, Akpro-Missérété, Dangbo, and Porto Novo in Ouémé state and Cotonou in Atlantique state in Benin [2-4]; Anambra in Nigeria [5]; and Maritime region in Togo [6]. Benin, Nigeria and Togo have reported that these outbreaks are resolved.
Asia
In January 2008, outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza were reported in Phichit and Nakhon Sawan in Thailand [16]. The outbreak has been resolved.
Bangladesh: In December 2007, the OIE received reports of outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in birds in the provinces of Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, and Rajshahi. The outbreaks had start dates between March and December 2007. Five outbreaks were reported which occurred in November and December 2007, four in Rajshahi and one in Dhaka [7].
China: In January 2008, the OIE received a report of an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in chickens in a village in Turpan, Xinjiang. The outbreak began on 29 December 2007 [8]. In January and February 2008, outbreaks were also reported in birds in Gonggar and Lhasa in Tibet, and in Zunyi in Guizhou [9].
Hong Kong: In February 2008, the OIE received a report of two cases of H5N1 avian influenza in wild birds found in Tuen Man Park. The first bird was found dead in November 2007 and the second was found in December 2007 [10].
India: In January and February 2008, 33 outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza were reported in backyard poultry and poultry on small farms in West Bengal [11].
Laos: On 13 February 2008, an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza was reported in chickens in a village in Louangnamtha [12].
Myanmar: Following the previously reported outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in Bago [13], two outbreaks were reported in backyard poultry in Shan State in November and December 2007 [14].
Pakistan: Between 19 October 2007 and 3 March 2008, ten outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza occurred in birds on commercial farms in North West Frontier, Sindh, and Punjab [15].
Viet Nam: Between 9 November 2007 and 5 March 2008, 33 outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in birds were reported. Affected provinces are Cao Bang, Ha Nam, Hai Duong, Hanoi City, Long An, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Quang Binh, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Thai Nguyen, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, and Vinh Long [17]. On 12 March 2008, an outbreak was also reported in six civets in Cuc Phuong national park in Ninh Binh [18].
Europe
Between November 2007 and February 2008, outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza were reported in Mazowieckie and Warminsko-Mazurskie in Poland [19], in Tulcea in Romania [20], and in Samsun, Sinop, Sakarya and Zonguldak in Turkey [21]. Poland, Romania and Turkey have reported that these outbreaks are resolved.
Germany: In December 2007 and January 2008, three outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza were reported in backyard flocks of poultry in Brandenburg [22].
Russia: In December 2007, four outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza were reported in poultry in Rostovskaya Oblast. Three of the outbreaks were in backyard poultry and one was in chickens on a farm [23].
Ukraine: Three outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in birds on farms were reported in the Crimea during January and February 2008 [24].
North Africa and Middle East
In January 2008, an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza was reported in poultry kept as pets in Haifa, Israel [25]. Israel has reported that the outbreak is now resolved.
Egypt: Between 3 December 2007 and 2 February 2008, the OIE received reports of 685 separate outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in birds [26, 27]. Outbreaks were reported from every governorate of Egypt with the exception of New Valley, North Sinai, and South Sinai.
Iran: On 16 January 2008, the OIE received notification of an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in backyard chicken in a village in Mazandaran. The outbreak was reported as part of a passive surveillance system and a post-outbreak investigation is underway [28].
Saudi Arabia: Following four previously reported outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in chickens on farms in Riyadh [13], a further 25 outbreaks were reported in the area between November 2007 and January 2008 [29]. The area affected is several hundred miles to the east of the city of Mecca, the destination for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.
Disease-Free countries
The following countries have issued its final report to the OIE after a gap of three or more months since the last registered case:
Sudan, as of 25 November 2007 [30].
Advice for travellers
There remain no restrictions for travel to countries that have been infected with avian influenza. Nevertheless, travellers should exercise precautions detailed in the NaTHNaC Health Information Sheet on avian influenza.
References
1. World Health Organization. H5N1 avian influenza: Timeline of major events. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/ai_timeline/en/in
2. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Benin, Immediate notification, 5 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006557_20071205_170150.pdf
3. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Benin, Follow up report 1, 17 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006602_20071217_131227.pdf
4. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Benin, Follow up report 2, 31 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006638_20071231_122346.pdf
5. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Nigeria, Follow up report 6, 15 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006800_20080215_130346.pdf
6. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Togo, Follow up report 4, 11 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006785_20080211_175039.pdf
7. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Bangladesh, Follow-up report 4, 17 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006600_20071217_172757.pdf
8. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), China, Follow up report 8, 4 January 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006670_20080104_130926.pdf
9. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), China, Follow up report 11, 25 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/downld/AVIAN%20INFLUENZA/China/China_f
10. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Hong Kong, Immediate notification, 5 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006761_20080205_160312.pdf
11. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), India, Follow up report 1, 9 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006783_20080209_163412.pdf
12. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Laos, Immediate notification, 13 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006798_20080214_155545.pdf
13. NaTHNaC. Avian influenza in birds – situation update. 23 November 2007. [Accessed 12 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.nathnac.org/pro/clinical_updates/flu_231107.htm
14. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Myanmar, Follow up report 3, 1 March 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006864_20080301_134551.pdf
15. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Pakistan, Follow up report 12, 10 March 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006884_20080310_175524.pdf
16. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Thailand, Follow up report 4, 13 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006790_20080215_151449.pdf
17. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Viet Nam, Follow up report 17, 12 March 2008. [Accessed 14 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006889_20080312_130237.pdf
18. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Viet Nam, Immediate notification, 12 March 2008. [Accessed 14 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006899_20080312_170313.pdf
19. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Poland, Follow up report 8, 31 January 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006742_20080131_151328.pdf
20. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Romania, Follow up report 1, 27 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006630_20071227_163041.pdf
21. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Turkey, Follow up report 7 , 12 March 2008. [Accessed 14 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006890_20080312_143232.pdf
22. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Germany, Follow up report 1, 22 January 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006617_20080122_174456.pdf
23. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Russia, Follow up report 6, 24 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006624_20071224_155054.pdf
24. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Ukraine, Follow up report 3, 25 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006838_20080225_175120.pdf
25. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Israel, Immediate notification, 3 January 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006649_20080103_141956.pdf
26. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Egypt, Follow up report 2, 3 December 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/downld/AVIAN%20INFLUENZA/Egypt_AI_0312
27. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Egypt, Follow up report 6, 4 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006754_20080207_121544.pdf
28. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Iran, Immediate notification, 9 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_imm_0000006685_20080116_161800.pdf
29. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Saudi Arabia, Follow up report 2, 17 February 2008. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006721_20080218_191838.pdf
30. World Organisation for Animal Health. Influenza A (H5N1), Sudan, Follow up report 5, 25 November 2007. [Accessed 11 March 2008]. Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_fup_0000006515_20071125_192657.pdfDisclaimer | Copyright | Privacy | Sitemap | Accessibility